Starknet is an Ethereum Layer 2 validity rollup (zk-rollup) that scales Ethereum by executing transactions off-chain and posting STARK proofs to Ethereum for verification, inheriting Ethereum’s security while targeting much higher throughput and lower fees.
Starknet combines three main directions under one umbrella:
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ZK-powered scaling for Ethereum: transactions are processed on Starknet, then proven with STARKs and settled on Ethereum, keeping correctness verifiable on-chain while reducing L1 congestion.
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A developer platform built around Cairo: Starknet uses the Cairo programming language and a dedicated execution environment (“Starknet OS”) to run smart contracts efficiently while remaining secured by Ethereum settlement.
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Network operations + decentralization roadmap: the protocol relies on infrastructure roles like sequencing/proving, with a stated goal of increasing decentralization over time via broader participation and governance mechanisms.
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On the product side, Starknet positions itself as a general-purpose smart contract network for DeFi and consumer apps, featuring native account abstraction (smart contract wallets as first-class accounts), flexible fee/payment abstractions, and Ethereum interoperability through bridging and L1↔L2 messaging.
Key features of Starknet include:
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Validity proofs (STARKs): cryptographic proofs that transactions were executed correctly before final settlement on Ethereum.
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Cairo smart contracts: a ZK-friendly execution model aimed at high performance for provable computation.
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Native account abstraction: supports programmable accounts (multisig, session keys, custom auth) at the protocol level.
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Ethereum interoperability: bridging and messaging patterns to move assets/data between L1 and Starknet.
Ecosystem token & governance (STRK): used for governance and ecosystem incentives, with staking/security roles typically described as part of the longer-term network design.
Overall, Starknet presents itself as a high-scale Ethereum L2 where ZK proofs provide strong security guarantees, Cairo enables efficient provable execution, and the network evolves toward broader decentralization while supporting production-grade dApps.


